Detección de hepatitis B oculta en donantes de bancos sangre, Colombia 2008-2009 / Absence of occult hepatitis B in Colombian blood donors

Introducción. En los bancos de sangre colombianos es obligatoria la tamización para el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B en todas las unidades recolectadas, mientras que no lo es para el anticuerpo contra el antígeno central, aunque este último puede ser útil para detectar donantes infectados con el virus de hepatitis B. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de hepatitis B oculta, mediante la aplicación de un perfil serológico completo para el virus de la hepatitis B y pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos, en donantes de sangre de cuatro ciudades colombianas. Materiales y métodos. Entre abril de 2008 y octubre de 2009 se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo transversal que incluyó 628 muestras de donantes de cuatro bancos de sangre, ubicados en ciudades colombianas que registran distintas prevalencias para infección por el virus de la hepatitis B. Se hizo la tamización serológica completa para el virus y, posteriormente, pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos a los sueros con anti-HBc total reactivo y título de anti-HBs ≤30 mUI/ml. Resultados. En total, 129 muestras cumplieron con los criterios serológicos establecidos para ser sometidas a pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos. En ninguna de ellas se obtuvo amplificación de ácidos nucleicos del virus de la hepatitis B. Conclusiones. Éste es el primer estudio en Colombia que busca determinar la presencia de donantes de sangre portadores de hepatitis B oculta. No se documentó ningún caso de infección oculta en elestudio.

Introduction. In Colombian blood banks, screening for the surface antigen of hepatitis B is mandatory in all units collected. Testing of antibody against core antigens is not administered, although this method may be useful to detect donors infected with the hepatitis B virus. Objective. The prevalence of occult hepatitis B was determined by applying a full-serological profile of hepatitis B virus to blood samples of blood donors. Materials and methods. Between April 2008 and October 2009, a prospective cross sectional study was conducted using 628 samples from donors to blood banks located in four Colombian cities. Prevalence for hepatitis B had been previously recorded for these cities. Serological screening was performed for the complete virus; then nucleic acid amplification was tested in sera that were anti-HB creactive and with a titer of anti-HBs ≤30 mUI/ml. Results. Of the 628 samples tested, 129 met the serological criteria established to be tested nucleic acid amplification. None of them demonstrated evidence of nucleic acid amplification of hepatitis B virus. Conclusions. This is the first study in Colombia to detect the presence of blood donors that may be occult hepatitis B carriers. None was detected.

[Absence of occult hepatitis B in Colombian blood donors]. / Detección de hepatitis B oculta en donantes de bancos sangre, Colombia 2008-2009.

INTRODUCTION: In Colombian blood banks, screening for the surface antigen of hepatitis B is mandatory in all units collected. Testing of antibody against core antigens is not administered, although this method may be useful to detect donors infected with the hepatitis B virus. OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B was determined by applying a full-serological profile of hepatitis B virus to blood samples of blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2008 and October 2009, a prospective cross sectional study was conducted using 628 samples from donors to blood banks located in four Colombian cities. Prevalence for hepatitis B had been previously recorded for these cities. Serological screening was performed for the complete virus; then nucleic acid amplification was tested in sera that were anti-HBc reactive and with a titer of anti-HBs ≤30 mUI/ml. RESULTS: Of the 628 samples tested, 129 met the serological criteria established to be tested nucleic acid amplification. None of them demonstrated evidence of nucleic acid amplification of hepatitis B virus. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Colombia to detect the presence of blood donors that may be occult hepatitis B carriers. None was detected.